Sustainable Composites from Waste Sulfur, Terpenoids, and Pozzolan Cements

Sulfur cements have drawn significant attention as binders because sulfur is a byproduct of fossil fuel refining. that can be formed by the vulcanization elemental and plant-derived olefins such terpenoids are particularly promising from sustainability standpoint. A range terpenoid–sulfur shown compressional flexural properties exceeding those some commercial structural mineral cements. Pozzolans fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) abundant clay resources metakaolin (MK) attractive fines for addition to binders. Herein, we report 10 composites prepared combination sulfur, (geraniol or citronellol), these pozzolans. This study reveals extent which pozzolan sulfur–terpenoid influences their mechanical chemical resistance. The CitS GerS were reaction 90 wt% citronellol geraniol oil, respectively. density fell within 1800–1900 kg/m3 after 24 h submersion in water at room temperature, none materials absorbed more than 0.7 water. strength as-prepared ranged 9.1–23.2 MPa, percentage retained acid challenge (submersion 0.1 M H2SO4 h) 80–100%. Incorporating into already strong (18.8 MPa) had negligible effects on its statistical error measurement. CitS-SF CitS-MK slightly higher compressive strengths 20.4 MPa 23.2 CitS-GGBFS CitS-FA resulted lower 17.0 15.8 In contrast, initially softer (11.7 benefited greatly incorporating hard fines. All derivatives GerS, with GerS-MK having highest 19.8 MPa. several compare favorably required traditional residential building foundations (17 MPa), whereas products disintegrate upon similar challenge.